The optimum shape of a truss depends not only upon its topology, but it also depends on distribution of element cross-sectional areas. The optimum design of a structure should satisfy various constraint limits, and stress and local stability conditions.
Hence, it becomes necessary to optimize the structure to fulfill the economical requirement. In any case of construction of structure, the main objective is to reduce the cost of the project and fulfill structural requirement. The sections used for steel trusses are generally angle sections, square hollow sections, pipe sections, T-sections, C-channel sections, etc. These days, most of the trusses are made of steel, however, in some cases timber and concrete trusses are also utilized. Steel trusses are most widely used in industrial buildings. Trusses have a high use in modern construction and are used commonly in buildings where support to roofs, floors and internal loadings is readily provided. Hence, truss members carry only axial forces which are either in compressive or tensile in nature. Joints in truss carry zero moments since members are connected by frictionless pin. Elements in a truss are arranged in such a pattern so that they produce an efficient, light weight, load-bearing members. Each member in a truss is straight and is connected at joints. A truss is a structural object comprising of a stable and systematic arrangement of slender interconnected members.
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